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第1章 面向对象方法概述············································································1

引导案例：四大发明之活字印刷―面向对象思想的胜利·······························1

1.1 信息系统分析与设计概述···································································2

1.1.1 信息系统··············································································2

1.1.2 信息系统分析与设计·······························································3

1.2 信息系统开发方法的演变···································································3

1.2.1 系统开发生命周期模型····························································4

1.2.2 结构化开发方法·····································································4

1.2.3 原型法·················································································6

1.2.4 面向对象方法········································································7

1.3 面向对象方法的基本概念·································································10

1.3.1 对象··················································································10

1.3.2 类·····················································································11

1.3.3 抽象··················································································11

1.3.4 封装··················································································12

1.3.5 继承··················································································12

1.3.6 多态···············································································14

1.3.7 消息机制············································································15

1.4 面向对象方法的主要优点·································································15

1.4.1 从认识论的角度来看，面向对象方法改变了开发软件的方式··········15

1.4.2 面向对象语言使客观世界到计算机世界的语言鸿沟变窄················16

1.4.3 面向对象使分析与设计之间的鸿沟变窄·····································17

1.4.4 面向对象有助于软件的维护与复用···········································19

本章小结···························································································· 本章···························································································

第2章 UML概述·····················································································23

引导案例：面向对象方法的困难······························································23

2.1 UML介绍····················································································23

2.1.1 建模的原因·········································································23

2.1.2什么是UML··············································································25

2.1.3 UML的发展历程··································································25

2.1.4 UML的特点········································································26

2.2 UML的核心元素···········································································27

2.2.1 UML视图···········································································27

2.2.2 UML图··············································································29

2.2.3 事物··················································································31

2.2.4 关系··················································································32

2.2.5 通用机制············································································35

2.3 UML与面向对象的系统开发统一过程················································36

2.3.1 RUP核心工作流···································································36

2.3.2 UML支持迭代、渐增式的开发过程··········································38

2.3.3 UML建模过程产生的模型与文档·············································39

2.3.4 用例驱动的UML系统分析与设计············································40

本章小结····························································································42

本章···························································································43

第3章 需求分析与用例建模·······································································45

引导案例：自动取款机（ATM）的需求·····················································45

3.1 需求分析······················································································45

3.1.1 需求分析的重要································································45

3.1.2 需求分析的过程···································································47

3.2 用例建模······················································································48

3.2.1 用例图···············································································48

3.2.2 系统边界············································································49

3.2.3 参与者···············································································51

3.2.4 用例··················································································54

3.2.5 用例图中的关系···································································56

3.2.6 用例描述············································································60

3.2.7 用例描述中经常出现的问题····················································63

3.3 活动图建模···················································································67

3.3.1 活动图的定义······································································67

3.3.2 活动图的类型······································································68

3.3.3 基本组成元素······································································68

3.3.4 活动图建模步骤···································································74

3.4 需求分析实例················································································74

3.4.1 选题背景············································································74

3.4.2 需求规格说明······································································75

3.4.3 用例建模············································································76

3.4.4 活动图建模·········································································86

本章小结····························································································87

本章···························································································88

第4章 系统分析与静态结构建模·································································90

4.1 面向对象的系统分析·······································································90

4.1.1 问题域和系统责任································································90

4.1.2 对系统开发人员的要求··························································91

4.1.3 面向对象系统分析的任务·······················································91

4.2 对象与类······················································································93

4.2.1 对象与类的概念···································································93

4.2.2 识别对象与类······································································95

4.2.3 审查与筛选·········································································99

4.2.4 抽象出类行调整····························································100

4.2.5 类的命名···········································································101

4.3 属与操作··················································································101

4.3.1 定义类的属·····································································101

4.3.2 定义类的操作·····································································105

4.4 类之间的关系···············································································107

4.4.1 继承（泛化）关系·······························································108

4.4.2 关联关系···········································································112

4.4.3 聚合关系与组合关系····························································116

4.4.4 依赖关系···········································································119

4.5 抽象类与接口···············································································1

4.5.1 抽象类··············································································1

4.5.2 接口·················································································122

4.5.3 类版型··············································································125

4.6 静态结构建模实例·········································································127

4.6.1 识别对象和类·····································································127

4.6.2 识别属与操作··································································127

4.6.3 识别关系···········································································127

本章小结···························································································128

本章··························································································129

第5章 系统分析与动态行为建模································································132

引导案例：赤壁之战与系统建模·····························································132

5.1 动态行为建模···············································································134

5.1.1 交互模型···········································································134

5.1.2 状态模型···········································································135

5.1.3 活动模型···········································································135

5.2 顺序图建模··················································································135

5.2.1 顺序图概述········································································136

5.2.2 顺序图的组成·····································································138

5.2.3 顺序图中的结构化控制·························································142

5.2.4 构造顺序图模型··································································143

5.3 通信图建模··················································································144

5.3.1 通信图的基本概念·······························································144

5.3.2 通信图的组成·····································································146

5.3.3 通信图与顺序图··································································147

5.3.4 构造通信图模型··································································148

5.4 状态机图建模···············································································149

5.4.1 状态机图的基本概念····························································149

5.4.2 状态机图的组成··································································151

5.4.3 构造状态机图模型·······························································159

5.5 动态行为建模实例·········································································160

5.5.1 顺序图建模实例··································································160

5.5.2 状态机图建模实例·······························································165

本章小结···························································································166

本章··························································································166

第6章 系统体系结构与其他辅助模型··························································171

6.1 信息系统体系结构·········································································171

6.1.1 体系结构的概念··································································171

6.1.2 信息系统体系结构的概念······················································171

6.1.3 分层架构···········································································172

6.1.4 C/S体系结构和B/S体系结构·················································173

6.1.5 微服务架构········································································174

6.2图建模·····················································································175

6.2.1图概念···········································································175

6.2.2之间的关系·····································································177

6.2.3图的作用········································································177

6.3 构件图建模··················································································177

6.3.1 概念·················································································177

6.3.2 构件·················································································178

6.3.3 接口·················································································180

6.3.4 外部接口―端口·······························································180

6.3.5 连接器―连接件·······························································181

6.3.6 依赖关系···········································································181

6.4 部署图建模··················································································182

6.4.1 概念·················································································182

6.4.2 部署图的组成·····································································183

6.4.3 绘制部署图········································································185

6.5 体系结构建模实例·········································································186

6.5.1 系统部署图········································································186

6.5.2 系统体系结构·····································································186

本章小结···························································································187

本章··························································································187

第7章 面向对象系统设计·········································································189

7.1 面向对象设计的概念······································································189

7.1.1 面向对象设计·····································································189

7.1.2 面向对象设计的发展历史······················································189

7.1.3 面向对象分析与面向对象设计的关系·······································191

7.2 问题域设计··················································································192

7.2.1 问题域部分········································································192

7.2.2行问题域部分的设计的原因················································192

7.2.3 如行问题域的设计·························································192

7.2.4 问题域设计的内容·······························································192

7.3 数据管理部分设计·········································································196

7.3.1 数据库和数据库管理系统······················································197

7.3.2 如何设据管理部分·························································197

7.3.3 数据库设计实例··································································0

7.4 界面设计·····················································································3

7.4.1 人机界面的概念··································································5

7.4.2 人机界面分类·····································································5

7.4.3 人机界面设计·····································································7

7.4.4 界面设计实例·····································································211

本章小结···························································································212

本章··························································································212

第8章 设计模式·····················································································214

8.1 设计模式的定义与起源···································································214

8.1.1 模式与设计模式··································································214

8.1.2 模式的起源········································································214

8.1.3 设计模式的基本要素····························································215

8.2 使用设计模式的原因······································································216

8.2.1 设计模式的作用··································································216

8.2.2 如何正确使用设计模式·························································217

8.3 设计模式的分类············································································218

8.3.1 GOF设计模式·····································································219

8.3.2 设计模式的优点··································································2

8.4 设计模式遵循的原则······································································221

8.5 典型设计模式···············································································223

8.5.1 简单工厂模式·····································································223

8.5.2 工厂方法模式·····································································226

8.5.3 抽象工厂模式·····································································233

8.5.4 适配器模式········································································239

8.4.5 策略模式···········································································241

本章小结···························································································245

本章··························································································245

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本书的编写理念和建设思路是在系统地介绍面向对象开发方法的基本概念和思想的基础上，介绍UML及其建模技术、方法与应用，以及得到业界广泛认同的软件设计模式、软件开发的过程、规程与实践，并以一个丰富的案例贯穿始终。