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　　Smith教授等编著的《化工热力学导论》是世界化工领域影响*、发行范围最广的化工热力学教材。本书是根据英文原版书《化工热力学导论》第7版改编。

改编书选取了原书前13章，内容涵盖了化学工程师专业教育所必需的内容。全书主要内容包括以下几个方面：热力学基本概念和基本定律、纯流体的PVT性质、热效应、纯流体的热力学性质、热力学在流动过程中的应用、热力做功、制冷、汽液平衡、溶液热力学理论和应用以及化学反应平衡。这13章内容可以分为三部分：热力学和化学热力学基础，包括第1-6章；热力学在工业过程中的应用，包括第7-9章；热力学在化学过程中的应用，包括第10-13章。书中给出了大量既有理论意义，又切合工业实际的例题，并配有大量来自工业实践的习题。

全书行文流畅、图表丰富、通俗易懂。可作为化学工程与工艺专业以及其他相关专业的化工热力学教科书，也可以作为相关专业研究人员，工程设计和生产管理技术人员的重要参考书，也可以用作化工专业英语的教材或选读材料。

List of Symbols

Preface

Chapter 1 Introduction

　1.1 THE SCOPE OF THERMODYNAMICS

　1.2 DIMENSIONS AND UNITS

　1.3 MEASURES OF AMOUNT OR SIZE

　1.4 FORCE

　1.5 TEMPERATURE

　1.6 PRESSURE

　1.7 WORK

　1.8 ENERGY

　1.9 HEAT

　KEY NOTES

　GLOSSARY AND EXPLANATIONS

　CONCEPTUAL PROBLEMS

　PROBLEMS

Chapter 2 The First Law and Other Basic Concepts

　2.1 JOULE’S EXPERIMENTS

　2.2 INTERNAL ENERGY

　2.3 THE FIRST LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS

　2.4 ENERGY BALANCE FOR CLOSED SYSTEMS

　2.5 THERMODYNAMIC STATE AND STATE FUNCTIONS

　2.6 EQUILIBRIUM

　2.7 THE PHASE RULE

　2.8 THE REVERSIBLE PROCESS

　2.9 CONSTANT-V AND CONSTANT-P PROCESSES

　2.10 ENTHALPY

　2.11 HEAT CAPACITY

　2.12 MASS AND ENERGY BALANCES FOR OPEN SYSTEMS

　KEY NOTES

　GLOSSARY AND EXPLANATIONS

　CONCEPTUAL PROBLEMS

　PROBLEMS

Chapter 3 Volumetric Properties of Pure Fluids

　3.1 PVT BEHAVIOR OF PURE SUBSTANCES

　3.2 VIRIAL EQUATIONS OF STATE

　3.3 THE IDEAL GAS

　3.4 APPLICATION OF THE VIRIAL EQUATIONS

　3.5 CUBIC EQUATIONS OF STATE

　3.6 GENERALIZED CORRELATIONS FOR GASES

　3.7 GENERALIZED CORRELATIONS FOR LIQUIDS

　KEY NOTES

　GLOSSARY AND EXPLAINATIONS

　CONCEPTUAL PROBLEMS

　PROBLEMS

Chapter 4 Heat Effects

　4.1 SENSIBLE HEAT EFFECTS

　4.2 LATENT HEATS OF PURE SUBSTANCES

　4.3 STANDARD HEAT OF REACTION

　4.4 STANDARD HEAT OF FORMATION

　4.5 STANDARD HEAT OF COMBUSTION

　4.6 TEMPERATURE DEPENDENCE OF ΔH

　4.7 HEAT EFFECTS OF INDUSTRIAL REACTIONS

　KEY NOTES

　GLOSSARY AND EXPLAINATIONS

　CONCEPTUAL PROBLEMS

　PROBLEMS

Chapter 5 The Second Law of Thermodynamics

　5.1 STATEMENTS OF THE SECOND LAW

　5.2 HEAT ENGINES

　5.3 THERMODYNAMIC TEMPERATURE SCALES

　5.4 ENTROPY

　5.5 ENTROPY CHANGES OF AN IDEAL GAS

　5.6 MATHEMATICAL STATEMENT OF THE SECOND LAW

　5.7 ENTROPY BALANCE FOR OPEN SYSTEMS

　5.8 CALCULATION OF IDEAL WORK

　5.9 LOST WORK

　5.10 THE THIRD LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS

　KEY NOTES

　GLOSSARY AND EXPLAINATIONS

　CONCEPTUAL PROBLEMS

　PROBLEMS

Chapter 6 Thermodynamic Properties of Fluids

　6.1 PROPERTY RELATIONS FOR HOMOGENEOUS PHASES

　6.2 RESIDUAL PROPERTIES

　6.3 RESIDUAL PROPERTIES BY EQUATIONS OF STATE

　6.4 TWO-PHASE SYSTEMS

　6.5 THERMODYNAMIC DIAGRAMS

　6.6 TABLES OF THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES

　6.7 GENERALIZED PROPERTY CORRELATIONS FOR GASES

　KEY NOTES

　GLOSSARY AND EXPLAINATIONS

　CONCEPTUAL PROBLEMS

　PROBLEMS

Chapter 7 Applications of Thermodynamics to Flow Processes

　7.1 DUCT FLOW OF COMPRESSIBLE FLUIDS

　7.2 TURBINES (EXPANDERS)

　7.3 COMPRESSION PROCESSES

　KEY NOTES

　GLOSSARY AND EXPLAINATIONS

　CONCEPTUAL PROBLEMS

　PROBLEMS

Chapter 8 Production of Power from Heat

　8.1 THE STEAM POWER PLANT

　8.2 INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES

　8.3 JET ENGINES，ROCKET ENGINES AND RAMJET ENGINES

　KEY NOTES

　GLOSSARY AND EXPLAINATIONS

　CONCEPTUAL PROBLEMS

　PROBLEMS

Chapter 9 Refrigeration and Liquefaction

　9.1 THE CARNOT REFRIGERATOR

　9.2 THE VAPOR-COMPRESSION CYCLE

　9.3 THE CHOICE OF REFRIGERANT

　9.4 ABSORPTION REFRIGERATION

　9.5 THE HEAT PUMP

　9.6 LIQUEFACTION PROCESSES

　KEY NOTES

　GLOSSARY AND EXPLAINATIONS

　CONCEPTUAL PROBLEMS

　PROBLEMS

Chapter 10 Vapor/Liquid Equilibrium: Introduction

　10.1 THE NATURE OF EQUILIBRIUM

　10.2 THE PHASE RULE; DUHEM’S THEOREM

　10.3 VLE: QUALITATIVE BEHAVIOR

　10.4 SIMPLE MODELS FOR VAPOR/LIQUID EQUILIBRIUM

　10.5 VLE BY MODIFIED RAOULT’S LAW

　10.6 VLE FROM K-VALUE CORRELATIONS

　KEY NOTES

　GLOSSARY AND EXPLAINATIONS

　CONCEPTUAL PROBLEMS

　PROBLEMS

Chapter 11 Solution Thermodynamics: Theory

　11.1 FUNDAMENTAL PROPERTY RELATION

　11.2 THE CHEMICAL POTENTIAL AND PHASE EQUILIBRIA

　11.3 PARTIAL PROPERTIES

　11.4 THE IDEAL-GAS MIXTURE MODEL

　11.5 FUGACITY AND FUGACITY COEFFICIENT: PURE SPECIES

　11.6 FUGACITY AND FUGACITY COEFFICIENT: SPECIES IN SOLUTION

　11.7 GENERALIZED CORRELATIONS FOR THE FUGACITY COEFFICIENT

　11.8 THE IDEAL-SOLUTION MODEL

　11.9 EXCESS PROPERTIES

　KEY NOTES

　GLOSSARY AND EXPLAINATIONS

　CONCEPTUAL PROBLEMS

　PROBLEMS

Chapter 12 Solution Thermodynamics: Applications

　12.1 LIQUID-PHASE PROPERTIES FROM VLE DATA

　12.2 MODELS FOR THE EXCESS GIBBS ENERGY

　12.3 PROPERTY CHANGES OF MIXING

　12.4 HEAT EFFECTS OF MIXING PROCESSES

　KEY NOTES

　GLOSSARY AND EXPLAINATIONS

　CONCEPTUAL PROBLEMS

　PROBLEMS

Chapter 13 Chemical-Reaction Equilibria

　13.1 THE REACTION COORDINATE

　13.2 APPLICATION OF EQUILIBRIUM CRITERIA TO CHEMICAL REACTIONS

　13.3 THE STANDARD GIBBS-ENERGY CHANGE AND THE EQUILIBRIUM

　CONSTANT

　13.4 EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE ON THE EQUILIBRIUM CONSTANT

　13.5 EVALUATION OF EQUILIBRIUM CONSTANTS

　13.6 RELATION OF EQUILIBRIUM CONSTANTS TO COMPOSITION

　13.7 EQUILIBRIUM CONVERSIONS FOR SINGLE REACTIONS

　13.8 PHASE RULE AND DUHEM’S THEOREM FOR REACTING SYSTEMS

　13.9 MULTIREACTION EQUILIBRIA

　KEY NOTES

　GLOSSARY AND EXPLAINATION

　CONCEPTUAL PROBLEMS

　PROBLEMS

　Appendix A Conversion Factors and Values of the Gas Constant

　Appendix B Properties of Pure Species

　Appendix C Heat Capacities ad Property Changes of Formation

　Appendix D Representative Computer Programs

　参考文献

　　江振西，Zhenxi Jiang，郑州大学教授。1954年7月生于河北省磁县。1975年入郑州工学院（现郑州大学）化工系就读无机化工专业。1978年考入新乡师范学院（现河南师范大学）化学系物理化学专业。1981年毕业于新乡师范学院，获研究生毕业证书，1982年获武汉大学理学硕士学位。1982年3月起在郑州工学院任教，主教化工热力学等课程。1989年获中国政府、包玉刚基金会和英国政府共同设立的中英友好奖学金赴英国利兹大学访问研究。1990年获英国海外留学生奖学金和利兹大学Tetley and Lupton 奖学金读博士学位，1994年获利兹大学哲学博士学位。之后继续在利兹大学从事研究工作。2006年开始，在郑州大学教授化工热力学（双语）课程、研究生专业英语和研究生高等化工热力学（全英语）等课程。

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前言

　　改编前言

　　双语教学是高校学科课程教学改革的一项重要措施，是我国高等教育走向世界的重要途径。为满足开展化工热力学双语教学的需要，笔者在多年化工热力学双语教学探索实践中，改编了J．M．Smith等编写的《Introduction to Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics》（Seventh Edition）作为化工热力学双语教学教材。为尽可能保持与化工热力学中文教学大纲一致，同时适用于双语教学，改编书选取了原版教材的前13 章内容,对偏理论的少量内容做了删减，并在各章末增加了中文要点提示、化工热力学专业术语词汇双语注释和概念习题。

　　化学工程发源于西方并以英语构筑和传承了这一学科。本书以原著为基准，在忠实于原著的基础上，对某些概念做了延伸解释，澄清了汉语化工热力学教学中存在的某些模糊概念，改正了一些重要专业词汇的汉语译法，例如subcooled的译法从“过冷”改为“亚冷”，并对内容做了梳理、归纳和总结。本书给出了大量的专业词汇英语注释，丰富的专业词汇量为专业交流和沟通架起桥梁。

　　Smith等编写的《化工热力学导论》是世界化工领域影响最大、发行范围最广的化工热力学经典教材。原版书叙述严谨、逻辑性强、概念清楚、内容完美、结构合理。这本书从化学工程的角度全面覆盖了热力学这一学科知识，透彻地阐述了热力学原理并详细地叙述了其在化学过程中的应用。并且包含有大量的工业实际问题、例子和插图以帮助读者理解复杂的概念。新想法、新术语和符号不断激励读者思考并鼓励读者使用热力学知识去解决实际问题。

　　改编后全书主要内容包括以下几个方面：热力学基本概念和基本定律，纯流体的P-V-T性质、热效应、纯流体的热力学性质、热力学原理在流动过程中的应用、热功过程、制冷过程、汽液平衡、溶液热力学理论及其应用和化学反应平衡。书中第1～9章研究单组分体系，第10～13章研究多组分体系。书中列举了许多理论联系实际的例题，并配有大量来自工业实践的习题。原书第七版以SI单位制为主，部分例题和习题采用了英制。考虑到在北美两种单位制仍在并用，为和国际接轨，本书仍保留了使用英制单位的内容。改编后原书的内容从800余页缩减为400多页，新增内容200多页。

　　新增内容是为帮助读者更好地学习英语原版化工热力学所编写的辅助教学资料。辅助教学资料围绕化工热力学的重点与难点提供了丰富与精辟的解释，期许能够帮助读者理解原版化工热力学的内容，这是本书在双语教学教材建设方面的一项创新性探索工作。改编后的《化工热力学导论》适合用作国内化学工程与工艺专业本科生化工热力学双语课程教材，也可用作化学工程与技术学科研究生以及化学工程领域专业人员的参考书。在双语化工热力学教学实践中，要求学生使用Mathcad解题。Mathcad 是一款别具一格的工程计算软件，它集计算、数据可视化与文字处理于一体。使用Mathcad求解化工热力学问题编程简单、使用方便，特别是编程与通常书写形式一致，便于思考。通过在双语教学中使用Mathcad解题，能使学生拓展视野，学习国外的先进技术，有利于和国际水平保持一致。

　　本书编写过程中引用了大量网络资源资料，主要有Wikipedia和IndiaBix，参考了《化工热力学导论》第三版和第七版中译本，以及第三版《化工热力学导论》习题解答，在此对网络资源资料的作者和中译本译者表示诚挚感谢。

　　本书在编撰过程中，得到了郑州大学化工与能源学院化学工程与工艺系同仁们的大力支持，他们是任保增、汤建伟、陈卫航、刘金盾、雒廷亮、刘丽、宋怀俊、万亚珍、张婕、周彩荣、詹自力、靳会杰、廉红蕾、高健和和张亚涛等。天津大学化工学院夏淑倩和大连理工大学化工学院于志家对本书改编部分进行了悉心审读并提出了许多有益和宝贵的修改建议,天津大学马沛生先生对本书的部分内容进行了审读。藉此机会，对他们的建言和帮助表示衷心感谢。

　　本书出版得到以下项目的资金支持：河南省教育厅2011年双语教学示范项目“化工热力学（双语）”，郑州大学2012年度校级教学改革研究项目“化工热力学双语课程建设和实践”， 郑州大学2012年研究生全英语教学课程建设项目“高等化工热力学（全英语）”，郑州大学重点学科建设计划资助项目“化工热力学导论（英文改编版）”。

　　原书为教师提供了一些网上资源，采用该书作教材的教师可向McGraw-Hill Education公司北京代表处联系索取教学课件资料，传真：+86 10 62790292，电子邮件：instructorchina@ mcgraw-hill.com。

　　由于笔者水平有限，书中难免有不当之处，敬请读者批评指正。

　　江振西Zhenxi Jiang

　　2014年1月于郑州大学

　　Preface

　　Thermodynamics, one of the central subjects of science, is based on laws of universal applicability. The justification for presenting the subject from a chemical-engineering viewpoint is our conviction that it is most effectively taught in the context of the discipline of student commitment.

　　Although introductory in nature, the material of this text should not be thought simple. Indeed, there is no way to make it simple, and a student new to the subject will find that a demanding task of discovery lies ahead. New concepts, words, and symbols appear at a bewildering rate, and here memory plays a part. A far greater challenge is the necessity to develop a capacity to reason and to apply thermodynamic principles in the solution of practical problems. While maintaining the rigor characteristic of sound thermodynamic analysis, we have made every effort to avoid unnecessary mathematical complexity. Moreover, we encourage understanding by writing simple active-voice, present-tense sentences. We can hardly supply the required motivation, but our objective, as it has been for all previous editions, is a treatment that may be understood by any student willing to exercise due diligence.

　　The first two chapters of the book present basic definitions and a development of the first law. Chapters 3 and 4 treat the pressure/volume/temperature behavior of fluids and certain heat effects, allowing early application of the first law to realistic problems. The second law and some of its applications are considered in Chap. 5. A treatment of the thermodynamic properties of pure fluids in Chap. 6 allows general application of the first and second laws, and provides for an expanded treatment of flow processes in Chap. 7. Chapters 8 and 9 deal with power production and refrigeration processes. The remainder of the book, concerned with fluid mixtures, treats topics in the unique domain of chemical-engineering thermodynamics. Chapters 11 and 12 provide a comprehensive exposition of the theory and application of solution thermodynamics. Chemical-reaction equilibrium is covered at length in Chap. 13. Chapter 14 deals with topics in phase equilibria, including an extended treatment of vapor/liquid equilibrium, and adsorption and osmotic equilibria. Chapter 15[ 英文改编版已删去第15章。] treats the thermodynamic analysis of real processes, affording a review of much of the practical subject matter of thermodynamics.

　　The material of these 15[ 英文改编版已删去第14和第15章。] chapters is more than adequate for an academic-year under-graduate course, and discretion, conditioned by the content of other courses, is required in the choice of what is covered. The first 13 chapters include material thought necessary as part of any chemical engineer’s education. Where only a single-semester course in chemical-engineering thermo- dynamics is provided, these 13 chapters may represent sufficient content.

　　The laws and principles of classical thermodynamics do not depend on any particular model of the structure of matter; they are free of any molecular considerations. However, the behavior exhibited by matter—gases, liquids, and solids— does depend on its particulate nature, and in Chapter 16[ 英文改编版已删去第16章。] we present an introduction to molecular thermodynamics, to which reference is occasionally made in earlier chapters.

　　The book is comprehensive enough to make it a useful reference both in graduate courses and for professional practice. However, length considerations make necessary a prudent selectivity. Thus, we do not include certain topics worthy of attention, but of a specialized nature. These include applications to polymers, electrolytes, and biomaterials.

　　We are indebted to many individuals— students, professors, reviewers— who have contributed in various ways to the quality of this seventh edition, directly and indirectly, through question and comment, praise and criticism, over the 55 years and six editions of its evolution. To all we extend our thanks.

　　J. M. Smith

　　H. C. Van Ness

　　M. M. Abbott