基本粒子及其相互作用：概念和唯象论 下载 pdf 百度网盘 epub 免费 2025 电子书 mobi 在线

The last few decades have seen major advances in the physics of elementary particles. New generations of particle accelerators and detectors have come into operation, and have successfully contributed to improving the quantity and quality of data on diverse interaction processes and to the discoveries of whole new families of particles. At the same time, important new ideas have emerged in quantum field theory, culminating in the developments of theories for the weak and strong interactions to complement quantum electrodynam-ics, the theory of the electromagnetic force. The simplest of the new theories that are at the same time mathematically consistent and physically successful constitute what is known as the standard model of the fundamental interac-tions. This book is an attempt to present these remarkable advances at an elementary level, making them accessible to students familiar with quantum mechanics, special relativity, and classical electrodynamics.

1 Particles and Interactions: An Overview

1.1 A Preview

1.2 Particles

　1.3 Interactions

　1.4 Symmetries

　1.5 Physical Units

　Problems

　Suggestions for Further Reading

2 Boson Fields

　2.1 Lorentz Symmetry

　2.2 Scalar Fields

　2.3 Vector Fields

　2.4 The Klein-Gordon Equation

　2.5 Quantized Vector Fields

　2.6 The Action

3 Fermion Fields

　3.1 The Dirac Equation

　3.2 Lorentz Symmetry

　3.3 Free-Particle Solutions

　3.4 The Lagrangian for a Free Dirac Particle

　3.5 Quantization of the Dirac Field

　3.6 Zero-Mass Fermions

　Problems

　Suggestions for Further Reading

4 Collisions and Decays

　4.1 Interaction Reoresentation

　4.2 Cross-Sections and Decay Rates

　4.3 Interaction Models

　4.4 Decay Modes of Scalar Particles

　4.5 Pion Scattering

　4.6 Electron-Proton Scattering

　4.7 Electron-Positron Annihilation

　4.8 Compton Scattering

　Problems

　Suggestions for Further Reading

5 Discrete Symmetries

　5.1 Parity

　5.2 Time Inversion

　5.3 Charge Conjugation

　5.4 The CPT Theorem

　Problems

　Suggestions for Further Reading

6 Hadrons and Isospin

　6.1 Charge Symmetry and Charge Independence

　6.2 Nucleon Field in Isospin Space

　6.3 Pion Field in Isospin Space

　6.4 G-Parity

　6.5 Isospin of Strange Particles

　6.6 Isospin Violations

　Problems

　Suggestions for Further Reading

7 Quarks and SU(3) Symmetry

　7.1 Isospin: SU(2) Symmetry

　7.2 Hypercharge: SU(3) Symmetry

　7.3 Mass Splitting of the Had-ron Multiplets

　7.4 Including Spin: SU(6)

　7.5 The Color of Quarks

　7.6 The New Particles

　Problems

　Suggestions for Further Reading

8 Gauge Field Theories

　8.1 Symmetries and Interactions

　8.2 Abelian Gauge Invariance

　8.3 Non-Abelian Gauge Invariance

　8.4 Quantum Chromodynamics

　8.5 Spontaneous Breaking of Global Symmetries

　8.6 Spontaneous Breaking of Local Symmetries

　Problems

　Suggestions for Further Reading

9 The Standard Model of the Electroweak Interaction

　9.1 The Weak Interaction Before the Gauge Theories

　9.2 Gauge-Invariant Model of One-Lepton Family

　9.3 Including u and d Quarks

　9.4 Multigeneration Model

　Problems

　Suggestions for Further Reading

10 Electron-Nucleon Scattering

　10.1 Electromagnetic and Weak Form Factors

　10.2 Analyticity and Dispersion Relation

　10.3 Exclusive Reaction: Elastic Scattering

　10.4 Inclusive Reaction: Deep Inelastic Scattering

　Problems

　Suggestions for Further Reading

11 Neutral K Mesons and CP Violation

　11.1 The Two Neutral K Mesons

　11.2 Strangeness Oscillations

　11.3 Regeneration of K

　11.4 Calculation of △m

　11.5 CP Violation

　Problems

　Suggestions for Further Reading

12 The Neutrinos

　12.1 On the Neutrino Masses

　12.2 Oscillations in the Vacuum

　12.3 Oscillations in Matter

　12.4 Neutral Currents by Neutrino Scattering

　12.5 Neutrino-Nucleon Elastic Scattering

　12.6 Neutrino-Nucleon Deep Inelastic Collision

　Problems

　Suggestions for Further Reading

13 Muon and Tau Lepton Decays

　13.1 Weak Decays: Classification and Generalities

　13.2 Leptonic Modes

　13.3 Semileptonic Decays

　13.4 The Method of Spectral Functions

　Problems

　Suggestions for Further Reading

14 One-Loop QCD Corrections

　14.1 Vertex Function

　14.2 Quark Self-Energy

　14.3 Mass and Field Renormalization

　14.4 Virtual Gluon Contributions

　14.5 Real Gluon Contributions

　14.6 Final Result

　Problems

　Suggestions for Further Reading

15 Asymptotic Freedom in QCD

　15.1 Running Coupling Constant

　15.2 The Renormalization Group

　15.3 One-Loop Computation of the QCD β-Function

　15.4 Ghosts

　Problems

　Suggestions for Further Reading

16 Heavy Flavors

　16.1 QCD Renormalization of Weak Interactions

　16.2 Heavy Flavor Symmetry

　16.3 Inclusive Decays

　16.4 Exclusive Decays

　16.5 CP Violation in B Mesons

　Problems

　Suggestious for Further Reading

17 Status and Perspectives of the Standard Mode

　17.1 Production and Decay of the Higgs Boson

　17.2 Why Go Beyond the Standard Model?

　17.3 The Standard Model as an Effective Theory

　Problems

　Suggestions for Further Reading

　Selected Solutions

Appendix: Useful Formulas

　A.1 Relativistic Quantum Mechanics

　A.2 Cross-Sections and Decay Rates

　A.3 Phase Space and Loop Integrals

　A.4 Feynman Rules

　A.5 Parameters of the Standard Model

Index

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书籍介绍

《基本粒子及其相互作用:概念和唯象论》内容简介：The last few decades have seen major advances in the physics of elementary particles. New generations of particle accelerators and detectors have come into operation, and have successfully contributed to improving the quantity and quality of data on diverse interaction processes and to the discoveries of whole new families of particles. At the same time, important new ideas have emerged in quantum field theory, culminating in the developments of theories for the weak and strong interactions to complement quantum electrodynam-ics, the theory of the electromagnetic force. The simplest of the new theories that are at the same time mathematically consistent and physically successful constitute what is known as the standard model of the fundamental interac-tions. This book is an attempt to present these remarkable advances at an elementary level, making them accessible to students familiar with quantum mechanics, special relativity, and classical electrodynamics.